The Ancient Sumerians left behind an impressive legacy, including early forms of writing, complex mathematical systems, and impressive architectural achievements. But beyond the well-known aspects of their civilization, there are also many fascinating and lesser-known facts about the Sumerians.
1. Believed in a flat earth
Contrary to popular belief, the Ancient Sumerians did not believe in a round earth. Instead, they believed that the earth was a flat disc surrounded by a large body of water. This view of the world is reflected in their artwork and early written accounts.
2. Invented beer
The Sumerians were the first civilization to brew beer, and it played a significant role in their society. They even had a goddess of beer named Ninkasi, who was responsible for overseeing the brewing process.
3. Believed in a complex pantheon of gods
The Ancient Sumerians had a complex pantheon of gods, with each god having their own area of expertise and responsibility. These gods were worshipped through elaborate rituals and offerings, and their influence could be felt in every aspect of daily life.
4. Practiced early forms of dentistry
The Sumerians were surprisingly advanced in their medical knowledge, and they even practiced early forms of dentistry. Archaeological evidence suggests that they were able to drill into teeth and fill cavities using materials like gold and lapis lazuli.
5. Used astrology for divination
They were some of the earliest people to practice astrology, and they believed that the movements of the stars and planets could provide insight into the future. They used astrological charts and horoscopes to make predictions about everything from the weather to individual fortunes.
6. Had a complex system of gender roles
While the Sumerians were an advanced civilization in many ways, their gender roles were highly stratified. Men were typically responsible for public life, such as government and business, while women were relegated to the domestic sphere. However, there were exceptions, and some women were able to gain power and status within Sumerian society.
